1. put put up :1）raise ,hold up 举起，抬起 put up the Chinese flag /your hand 2）安装We ‘ll have a telephone put up in the office. 3)build 盖起，修建 Let’s put up a shed here for the time being.(暂时) They are putting up several new houses on our street. 4)publish张贴，挂，公布The names of the successful students to enter the Jinyun Middle School will be put up on the notice board. 5)隹宿，留…宿They put up at a small hotel for a couple of nights. I hope you will be able to put us up for a few days. put up for the night(住宿) put away 1)put … in a drawer/cupboard/box收拾起来，存起来，储放Put away the tea things in the cupboard . 2)save储蓄 put money away for one’s old age/They have put some money away in the bank. 3)give up 放弃，I asked him to put away such foolish ideas. Put aside 1)搁一搁，置于一旁Let’s put the questions aside for a while./put aside one’s book（把书放下不再读） 2)积蓄He puts aside five dollars every week. Put down 1)write down/make a note of 写下来Please put down the following facts. 2)放下put down that gun 3)扑灭，镇压suppress by force The armed uprising was finally put down. 4)=put away put off 1)delay推迟put off sth./doing sth.They decided to put the meeting off till Friday. 2)get rid of 消除put off your doubts 3)使某人不高兴，惹某人厌恶Don’t let his rough manner put you off. 另：put into effect 执行，实行 put into practice/operation实行（执行）put into production/service 投入生产（使用） 2. give give away 1)赠送He gave away most of his money to the school./She decided to give these old clothes away. 2）颁发The headmaster gave away the prizes at the school sports day. 3）泄露，暴露He gave away the plan of attack to the Germans./It was the shot that had given us away. 4）失去/掉They gave away their last chance of winning the match. give in 1)hand in 交进/上来 Give in your exercise books at the end of the lesson. 2)让步，屈服，妥协，投降He would rather die than give in .（他宁死不屈.）They have given in to our views.（他们放弃原来的看法，接受了我们的观点。） give up 1)stop 停止,放弃give up doing sth./sth. Then he was forced to give up school. He has given up playing football. 2)将…交于…,让出，献出She has given up her life to nursing the sick. He gave up his seat to the old woman. Give off :send out ,give out（散）发出 The gas gave off an unpleasant smell. These planets do not give off light of their own.这些行星本身不发光。 Give out 1)=give off 放出，散发 The radiator is giving out a lot of heat .The flowers give out a sweet perfume(香味). 2)vi.用完After two days their food gave out .Finally her patience gave out. 3)distribute 分发The teacher gave out the examination papers.The monitor gave the books out. It is given out that….宣布… 3. pick pick up 1)take hold of and lift拾起，拿起，举起She picked up the receiver（话筒）./Then I picked up the little girl and walked off. 2)raise oneself after a fall 站起Pick yourself up and brush yourself.自己站起来，把衣服掸干净。 3)gain, get ，learn…by practising（顺便）买，（不知不觉地）学会，通过实践学会Where did you pick up your technical skill ?/He never studied French; what he knows he picked up while living in Paris . /After that I plan to pick up some cakes and candies. 4)take sb. along with one ，（顺便）用汽车搭载某人或接某人I’ll pick you up at your office. 5)recover好起来She is picking up wonderfully since she came out of hospital. Pick out 1)choose 挑选，Pick out the pictures you like best ./Here are some magazines .You can pick out those you want. 2)distinguish sb.分辩出pick out one’s face in a crowd/It was just possible to pick out the village on the side of the mountain. 3)recognize sth. after careful study领会We can pick out the theme in an author’s work. 4. look look into 1)investigate , examine 研究，调查，了解 He travelled from place to place, looking into matters of all kinds./His disappearance is being looked into by the police. 2)dip into ( a book etc.) 浏览 He pretended to be looking into a magazine when he saw me . 3)look at the inside /the depths of注视…的内部或深处 He looked into the box /the mirror/her eyes. Look back1)turn one’s thoughts to /upon 回想，回顾They like to look back on those unforgettable years in the army./As we look back over the month we spent there, our hearts are filled with gratitude（感激） 2)(与never连用)进步Since then, he has never looked back.从那时起，他一直进步。 Look on 1)旁观We couldn’t afford to get a doctor. We just looked on miserably and watched her die./He often looked onto improve his chess. 2)看（待）I don’t know how you look upon/on his matter. 3)把…看作，认为They look upon her as their big sister. Look out 1)查出，找出You must look it out in the dictionary./I’ll look out a few foreign stamps for you. 2)be careful ,watch out当心，注意 Look out ! There’s a car coming. 3)当心…When crossing the street, looking out for cars./When you’re eating fish, look out for bones. 4)挑选I’m looking out some old clothes for the old woman. Look round 1)来访，到处看看。环顾We went to look round the town./Thank you. I’ll look round again in the evening.谢谢，我晚上再来。 2)多加考虑Don’t make a hurried decision ;look round well first.不要仓促作出决定，先好好考虑一下。/Look round well before taking any step. Look through1)快速阅读，翻阅，看一遍Before the meeting he looked through(prep.) the reports./I spent two hours looking through (prep.)the students’ homework . 2)仔细检查，逐一审查Always look your work through(adv.) before handing it in. Look forward to :1)盼望，指望We are looking forward to （介词）receiving you in Beijing ./He did not look forward with pleasure to（介词） this visit. 2.向前看We carefully looked forward not to （不定式的标志词）fall into the hole. Look up1)raise one’s eyes向上看，抬头看She looked yp from her book as I entered the room. 2）尊敬look up to sb. He’s a fine teacher. We’ve always looked up to him. look up to … as 看作（榜样等） The peasants looked up to him as a specialist. 3）找出，查出look sth. up We can look up the word in the dictionary. 4）visit, pay a call on…拜访look sb. up Do look me up the next time you’re in London. Look down 1)向下看，俯视 2）轻视，看不起I wish you wouldn’t look down on /upon this kind of work./Women were looked down upon in the old society. Look about for :in search of， be on the watch四处寻找，四下环顾Are you still looking about for a job? Look at 1)看，瞧，望She looked at me and smiled. 2）对待，考虑He looks at the work in a differtent way now. look over:1）翻阅，审阅Would you mind looking over(prep.) my exercises?/Looking over (prep.)my notes, I can find only a few Han names. 2）打量，检查He asked my age, height, and weight and looked me over(adv.)./They looked over every machine for possible repairs. 5. get get along /on:1)进行，过活How are you getting along with your English studies?/Many of them couldn’t get along upon their wages. 2)相处He is good-tempered ,he gets along well with everyone./We will get along beautiful together. 3)走开，走掉It’s rather late, I’d better be getting along.天不早了， 我还是走吧。 Get about)（消息）传开It’s getting about that the peace talks have broken down.据传和谈已经失败。/The story has got about everywhere. 2）行走，到处走动He was ill last week, but he’s getting about now.上星期他病了， 但他现在已起床行走了。 Get away :逃掉He caught three hares, but one got away. Get away from: 避免，摆脱，离开She didn’t get away until nine last night./Now he was dead , we could not get away from our sadness. Get back:1)回来When did you get back from the country? 2)收回，找回He got back the watch he lost./She has got her strength back after her illness.她病后体力已经恢复了。 Get down :1）记下来，打下来I couldn’t get down all he said ./They got down two enemy aircraft.他们打下了两架敌机。 2）咽下，吞下The medicine was so horrible( that )I could hardly get it down. Get down to :认真开始（进行）They immediately got down to work for realizing these plans.他们立即着手为实现这些计划干了起来。/It’s time we got down to business.现在咱们该认真地干了。 Get off:1)起飞，（动身）离开The plane got off on time./We must get off before it gets dark. 2)不受惩罚，被放过The petty thief got off with a fine.小偷交了罚款就释放了。 3)下车get off the train /the bus 4)勿在...行走get off the grass/my toes 5)脱下，除下get one’s clothes /ring off Get out 1)拔出，洗掉The dentist managed to get the tooth out./She couldn’t get the stain out. 2)传出去The news has got out that you are leaving.传闻你要走了。 3）泄露If the news gets out ,there’ll be trouble. 4）摆脱，放弃I wish I could get out of going to that meeting./I can’t get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning. 5）离开，出去We love to get out into the countryside at weekends. Get through:1)做完，结束He gets through a lot of work in a day ./We wish to get through the business quickly. 2)通过（考试，海关）Did you get through your driving test ?/I think you will get through. 3)度过，用完，看完He had got through the money in less than a year.这笔钱他不到一年就花完了。/I cannot think how they will get through the time. 4)（电话）接通We tried to phone him about it , but couldn’t get through./The operator（接线员） finally got me through. Get in1)进站，抵达What time does the train from Xiaan get in (adv.)? 2)收进来，收回来It was difficult to get the late rice in time./He says that they will get the money in somehow. 3)请来They have got the doctor in to look at the child. 6. turn turn on 1)打开Then she turned on the radio /gas/water/light/recorder. 2)turn on sth./doing sth.依某事物而定The success of a picnic usually turns on the weather. Turn off 1)关断，关掉Be sure to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 2)转到Is this where the road turns off for Jinhua? Turn down:1)调节，开得小些You can turn it down or turn it off if you like. 2)拒不采纳、接受He has turned down an invitation to visit that country./Their proposal was turned down. Turn up1)（把收音机）开大一点Turn up the radio a little. I can hardly hear the programme. 2）出现，找到The book you have lost will turn up one of these days. 3）来赴约，出席For some reason she didn’t turn up. 4）发生（情况）We don’t know what may turn up tomorrow. 5)竖起，翻耕Around them, tractors were turning up the earth./He turned the coat collar up because of the wind. Turn to 1)向（寻求帮助）She didn’t know whom to turn to for advice. 2)翻到Please turn to page twelve./We’ll turn back to p.102 . 3)转到Our talk soon turned to the matter. Turn over 1)移交，交给To whom should we turn over the keys when we leave the place?/The thief was turned over to the police. 2)打翻The lamp was turned over and that was what started the fire. 3)翻（页）Having read page one, he turned it over to page two. 4)考虑，细想He turned the new idea over in his mind . turn out A.结果，原来1)turn out +adj./adv. She’ll put the blame on us if it turns out badly./The day turned out fine. 2)turn out + n. The English evening turned out a great success./Their marriage turned out a happy one. 3)turn out +to do It looked like rain this morning, but it has turned lout to be a fine day./The person I spoke to turned out to be an Italian. 4)It turned(s) out that ... It turned out that he was Xiao Zhang’s father. B.生产，制造The factory turns out 900 cars a week. 7. make make out1)理解To this day I still can’t make out why they did so./We couldn’t make out what she meant. 2)看清楚They tried to make out the expression on her face. 3)开出，填写出Please make out a bill for these goods.请开一张这些货发票。 4)假装He made out to be ill./Let’s make out that we know nothing about it. Make sure: 一定要，核实，开清楚Make sure that the doors are locked before you go out./Have you made sure of the time of the train? Make up :1)构成，占The make up one-third of the province’s population./Six women and 19 men make up the committee. 2)编写，捏造He asked us each to make up a dialogue./She made up an excuse to explain her absence. 3)弥补，补偿We must make up for the lost time somehow./The will make up for what he lacked inn book knowledge. 4)补上，赶上He soon made up the lessons he had messed./He was absent for two weeks, so he had a lot of homework to make up. 5)化装There she had to make up as everyone else did.在那里她得像所有其他人那样涂脂抹粉。/He made up for the part of an old man.他化装扮演一个老头儿。 6)和解，言归于好He has made up his quarrel with me.他和我吵过一次，现在已经和解了。 8. go go about1)随便走走How shall we go about it ?/We mustn’t go about our work blindly. 2)set to work at …进行，干They talked their life in the army as they went about together. Go ahead:1)进行，进展They are going ahead fast./After the rain stopped, we went ahead with our work . 2)干吧，说吧，开始干If you think you can solve the problem, go ahead./”May I start ?””Yes ,go ahead.” 3)走在前面，先走You go ahead and tell them we’d be there shortly. Go by:1)pass过去，消逝 As time goes by my memory seems to get worse./The weeks went by slowly. 2)依照某事物I shall go entirely by what my lawyer says. Go down 1)下落 The moon has gone down. 2) 下降The prices of radios are expected to go further down. 3) 减弱The wind has gone down a little./On the fourth day the boy’s fever went down. The floods waters are going down. 4)吞下，咽下be swallowed The pill just won’t go down. Go off:1)爆炸The bomb went off, killing three people. 2)进行得How did the party go off?/Everything went off according to plan. 3)停掉，消失While we were there the electricity went off./The pain went off suddenly. 4)（食物）坏了Don’t eat the pork. It’s going off. Go out 1)熄灭The fire has gone out. 2)过时Long skirts are gradually going out in the country. 3)罢工The workers went out for an extra pound a week. Go over:1)审阅，检查，复习After writing an article ,we must go over it several times and revise it carefully. /She often went over my work with me, pointing out my weaknesses./Let’s go over the lesson again. 2)仔细查看They went over the building together. 3)仔细研究We’ll go over this question at the meeting. Go on:1)继续They asked him to stop talking ,but he still went on.注意区别：go on to do /go on doing 2)发生，进行What is going on out there?/Meetings should not go on too long. 3)进展The work was going on steadily ,successfully. 9. lay lay down1)放下武器They declared that they would never lay down their arms. 2)牺牲生命Some of them even laid down their lives for our cause. 3)制定，规定First they had to lay down a plan for the project. 4）放下lay the baby down gently lay off1)dismiss 暂时解雇The boss wants to lay off another 5 workers. 2)休息，停止工作The doctor told me to lay off for a week, 3)放弃lay off smoking lay up:1)（常用于被动语态）使 某人卧床She is laid up with a broken leg. 2)save, store 储蓄，贮存 lay up supplies/money/They have laid up large supplies of food. 3)lay up ship for repairs 10.keep keep off =get off避开，防止，挡住 keep off the grass /We had to think of a way to keep off the rain. /They made a big fire to keep off wild animals. Keep away: 使…不靠近…Her illness kept her away from work for several weeks./keep away from the fire Keep back:1)扣下They kept back eighty cents from my wages. 2)隐瞒I’ll keep nothing back from you. 3)忍住，阻止At the moment she just couldn’t keep back her tears./Water are kept back by the dam. Keep up:保持，继续Keep it up !You’re doing very well.接着干！你们干得很好。/We must keep up our records./I hope the weather keeps up./keep up the old customs and traditions